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N95 Respirators: Filtration, Fit and Correct Use

A NIOSH-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirator filters at least 95% of the certification test aerosol and is not resistant to oil. Real-world protection also depends on selection, fit, seal, condition and correct use.

AQI.news Editorial TeamUpdated 7 min read

Key facts

  • N means the filter is not resistant to oil.
  • 95 means at least 95% filtration in the NIOSH certification test.
  • A tight face seal is essential; facial hair can interfere with it.
  • N95 respirators do not remove gases, vapours or carbon monoxide.

What the N95 rating means

N95 is a U.S. NIOSH filter class. Approved products carry required markings including NIOSH, the filter class and a TC approval number that can be checked in the Certified Equipment List.

The rating describes laboratory filter performance, not a guarantee that every wearer receives the same protection.

Fit and use

  • Choose an approved model and the correct size and style.
  • Inspect it before use and discard it if damaged, dirty or damp.
  • Put it on with clean, dry hands and perform a seal check every time.
  • Use workplace fit testing and medical evaluation when required.

Important limitations

N95s filter particles; they do not supply oxygen or protect against gases and vapours. They are unsuitable for unknown, immediately dangerous or oxygen-deficient atmospheres.

Frequently asked questions

Does an N95 help with PM2.5?

A genuine, well-fitted N95 can reduce inhalation of airborne particles, including particles in the PM2.5 size range, but fit and correct use are critical.

Is N95 the same as a surgical mask?

No. An N95 is designed to seal to the face and meet a respirator standard; an ordinary surgical mask is not a tight-fitting respirator.

Can an N95 protect against carbon monoxide?

No. Carbon monoxide is a gas and is not removed by an N95 particle filter.

Sources

This reference was prepared from the following primary public-health and regulatory sources:

  1. Filtering Facepiece RespiratorsNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  2. Respirator Selection and UseNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health